<TD></TD></TABLE>

    dedarywasanold

    oneforyearsthesailorsoftheerfronthadtalked

    aboutitintheeightiesofthesixteenthcentury,the

    ruurtookadefiniteshapeacrdingtopilotswhohad

    beeninlisbon,allthespanishandportuguesewharveswere

    buildingshipsandinthesoutheherlandsinbelgiubr >

    thedukeofparingalargeexpeditionary

    forostendtolondonandaterdabr >

    assoonasthefleetshouldarrive

    intheyear1586thegreatardasetsailforthenorth

    buttheharboursofthefleshastkadedbya

    dutchfleetandthechannelheenglish,and

    thespaniards,accustodtothequieterseasofthesouth,did

    notknoonavigateinthissquallyandbleaknorthe

    cliteadaonceittacked

    byshipsandbystorineednottellyouafewships,by

    sailingaroundireland,escapedtotelltheterriblestoryof

    defeattheothersperishedandlieatthebottofthenorth

    sea

    tuaboutisfairplaythebritishnodthedutchprot

    estantsnoy

    beforetheendofthean,hthehelpofa

    booklettenbylinschotenahollanderwhohadbeenin

    theportugueseservice,hadatlastdisveredtherouteto

    theindiesasaresultthegreatdutcheastindiapany

    aticheportugueseand

    spanishloniesinasiaandafricawasbeguninallseriousness

    ithisearlyeraoflonialnquestthata

    curiouslaoutinthedutchurtsearlyin

    theseventeenthcenturyadutchcaptainbythenaofvan

    heekerk,anadehielffausasthehead

    ofanexpeditionriedtodisverthenortheaste

    passagetotheindiesandaeronthefrozen

    shoresoftheislandofnovazela,hadcapturedaportuguese

    shipinthestraitsoflaberthat

    thepopehaddividedtheotwoequalshares,oneof

    othespaniardsandtheothertothe

    portuguesetheportuguesequitenaturallyregardedthe

    erheirindianislandsaspartoftheir

    oont,theyatwar

    edthatthe

    captainofaprivatedutchtradingpanyhadnorightto

    entertheirprivatedoinandstealtheirshipsandthey

    broughtsuitthedirectorsofthedutcheastindiapany

    hiredabrightyounglaeofdegrootor

    grotius,todefendtheircasehedetheastonishingplea

    thattheoceanisfreetoallersonceoutsidethedistance

    thelandcanreach,theseais

    oracrdingtogrotiusoughttobe,afreeandopenhighway

    toalltheshipsofallnationsitethatthis

    startlingdoctrinehadbeenpubliclypronouncedinaurt

    oflaheotherseafaringpeopleto

    unteraouspleaforthe``re

    liberuor``opensea,johnselden,theenglishn,

    oustreatiseuponthe``reclausur``closed

    seareatedofthenaturalrightofasovereigntoregard

    theseasryasbelongingtohisterritory

    intionthisherebecausethequestionhadnotyet

    beendecidedandduringthelastsof

    difficultiesandplications

    toretutotheweenspaniardandhollander

    andenglishn,beforetost

    valuableloniesoftheindiesandthecapeofgoodhopeand

    ceylonandthosealongtheastofchinaandevenjapanwere

    inprotestanthandsin1621apanywas

    foundedericabuilt

    afortresscallednieusterdattheuthoftheriver

    heyear1609

    thesenehenglandandthedutch

    republictosuchanextentthattheyuldhireforeignsoldiers

    todotheirfightingonlandselves

    tortheprotestantrevoltant

    independenanyotherpartsof

    europeitantasuccessionofhorrorsparedtohe

    lastildexcursionofkindlysundayschoolboys

    thethirtyyearsheyear1618

    andoustreatyofphaliain1648

    heperfectlynaturalresultofacenturyofeverincreasing

    religioushatrediterriblewareverybody

    foughteverybodyelseandthestruggleendedonlywhen

    allpartieshadbeenthoroughlyexhaustedanduldfightno

    longer

    inlessthanagenerationittuednypartsofcentral

    europeintoahehungrypeasantsfought

    forthecarcassofadeadhorsehtheevenhungrierwolf

    fivesixthsofallthegetoroyed

    thepalatinate,inany,wasplundered

    tesandapopulationofeighteenllion

    peopleillion

    thehostilitiesbeganalstassoonasferdinandiiof

    thehouseofhabsburghadbeenelectedeerorhewas

    theproduostcarefuljesuittrainingandost

    obedientanddevoutsonofthechurchthevohhehad

    deasayoungn,thatheeallsectsand

    allheresiesfroisdoins,ferdinandkepttothebestof

    hisabilitytion,hischiefopponent,

    frederick,theprotestantelectorofthepalatinateanda

    soninlaesiofengland,hadbeendekingof

    bohea,indirectviolationofferdinandswishes

    atoniathe

    youngkinglookedinvainforassistanidable

    enethedutchrepublihelp,but,

    engagedinadesperatesohthespanishbranch

    ofthehabsburgs,itulddolittlethestuartsinengland

    oreinterestedinstrengtheningtheiroepower

    athothanspendingneyandnuponaforloadventure

    infaraiaafterastruggleofafeonths,

    theelectorofthepalatinateains

    othecatholichouseofbavariathishebeginning

    ofthegreatwar

    thenthehabsburgares,undertillyandein,

    foughttheirany

    untiltheyhadreachedtheshoresofthebalticacatholic

    neighbourantseriousdangertotheprotestantkingof

    denrkselfbyattacking

    hiseneesbeforetheyhad

    ...  </P></TD>

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