<TD></TD></TABLE>
ebattleofhastings,onoctoberthe
fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold
ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsandestablished
hielfaskingofenglandbutneitheorhis
successorsofthehouseofanjouandplantageregarded
englandastheirtruehototheheislanderelya
partoftheirgreatinheritanceonthentinentasortof
lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey
forcedtheiroiongraduallyhowever
the``lonyofenglandgaineduponthe``ther
untryofnodyatthesatithekingsof
francean
englishneighboursorethandisobedient
servantsofthefrenchcroeracenturyofwar
farethefrenchpeople,undertheleadershipofayounggirlby
thenaofjoanofartheir
soiljoanherself,takenaprisoneratthebattleofpiegne
intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe
englishsoldiers,chbuttheenglish
nevergainedfootholduponthentinentandtheirkingswere
atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions
asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof
thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages
asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold
landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars
oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoincreasetheir
royalpoheendofthefifteenthcentury,england
ronglycentraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii
ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the
``starery,suppressedallattets
onthepartofthesurvivingnoblestoregaintheiroldinfluence
uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity
intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson
henryviii,andfrohatntonthehistoryofengland
gainedaneportancefortheuntryceasedtobea
diaevalislandandbecaadestate
henryhadnodeepinterestinreligionhegladlyuseda
privatedisagreentany
divorselfindependentofroandke
thechurchofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalisticchurches
inhesasthespiritualheadofhis
subjeationof1034notonlygave
thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who
foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany
lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower
throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe
nasteriesatthesatiitdehenrypopularhthe
rchantsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous
inhabitantsofanislandtherestof
europebyadislikefor
everything``foreignanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule
theirhonestbritishsouls
in1517henrydiedheleftthethroohissllson,
agedtentheguardiansoftheode
lutherando
buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded
byhissisterry,thewifeofphilipiiofspain,who
buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurchandinother
pleofherroyalspanishhusband
fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded
byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,
thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe
nolongerpleasedhielizabeth,etiin
prison,andtherequestofthe
holyroneeror,ostrdialeneofeverything
catholicandspanishshesharedherfathersindifference
inthetterofreligionbutsheinheritedhisabilityasa
veryshreer,andspentthefortyfiveyears
ofherreigninstrengtheningthepohedynastyandin
inerryislands
inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwho
gatheredaroundherthroneanddetheelizabethanagea
periodofsuchiortancethatyououghttostudyitindetail
inoneofthespecialbooksofellyouinthe
bibliographyattheendofthisvolu
elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher
throneshehadarivalandaverydangerousonery,
ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenchduchessanda
sttishfather,isiioffranceand
daughterinlaediciwhohadorganised
therdersofsaintbartholootherof
alittleboyethefirststuartking
ofenglandshecatholicandawillingfriend
tothoseiesofelizabethherok
ofpolitiethodsployed
topunishhercalvinisticsubjects,causedarevolutioninstland
andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritoryfor
eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand
adayagainsttheanerandwho
lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors
``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade
theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused
abinednaviesofenglandand
hollanddefeatedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready
seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe
pohetanticatholicleadersuedintoa
profitablebusinessadventure
fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish
ashedutchthoughtittheirgoodrighttoinvade
theindiesandaricaandavengetheillsheirprotes
tentbrethrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniardsthe
englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus
britishships,ndedbytheveianpilotgiovannicaboto
orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe
northearicanntinentin1496labradorandnewfoundland
portanceasapossiblelonybut
thebanksofneothe
englishfishingfleetayearlater,in1497,thesacabot
hadexploredtheastofflorida
thenhadethebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry
viiioneyforforeignexplorations
butunderelizabeth,ary
stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout
fe
... </P></TD>
ebattleofhastings,onoctoberthe
fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold
ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsandestablished
hielfaskingofenglandbutneitheorhis
successorsofthehouseofanjouandplantageregarded
englandastheirtruehototheheislanderelya
partoftheirgreatinheritanceonthentinentasortof
lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey
forcedtheiroiongraduallyhowever
the``lonyofenglandgaineduponthe``ther
untryofnodyatthesatithekingsof
francean
englishneighboursorethandisobedient
servantsofthefrenchcroeracenturyofwar
farethefrenchpeople,undertheleadershipofayounggirlby
thenaofjoanofartheir
soiljoanherself,takenaprisoneratthebattleofpiegne
intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe
englishsoldiers,chbuttheenglish
nevergainedfootholduponthentinentandtheirkingswere
atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions
asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof
thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages
asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold
landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars
oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoincreasetheir
royalpoheendofthefifteenthcentury,england
ronglycentraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii
ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the
``starery,suppressedallattets
onthepartofthesurvivingnoblestoregaintheiroldinfluence
uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity
intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson
henryviii,andfrohatntonthehistoryofengland
gainedaneportancefortheuntryceasedtobea
diaevalislandandbecaadestate
henryhadnodeepinterestinreligionhegladlyuseda
privatedisagreentany
divorselfindependentofroandke
thechurchofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalisticchurches
inhesasthespiritualheadofhis
subjeationof1034notonlygave
thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who
foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany
lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower
throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe
nasteriesatthesatiitdehenrypopularhthe
rchantsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous
inhabitantsofanislandtherestof
europebyadislikefor
everything``foreignanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule
theirhonestbritishsouls
in1517henrydiedheleftthethroohissllson,
agedtentheguardiansoftheode
lutherando
buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded
byhissisterry,thewifeofphilipiiofspain,who
buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurchandinother
pleofherroyalspanishhusband
fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded
byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,
thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe
nolongerpleasedhielizabeth,etiin
prison,andtherequestofthe
holyroneeror,ostrdialeneofeverything
catholicandspanishshesharedherfathersindifference
inthetterofreligionbutsheinheritedhisabilityasa
veryshreer,andspentthefortyfiveyears
ofherreigninstrengtheningthepohedynastyandin
inerryislands
inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwho
gatheredaroundherthroneanddetheelizabethanagea
periodofsuchiortancethatyououghttostudyitindetail
inoneofthespecialbooksofellyouinthe
bibliographyattheendofthisvolu
elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher
throneshehadarivalandaverydangerousonery,
ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenchduchessanda
sttishfather,isiioffranceand
daughterinlaediciwhohadorganised
therdersofsaintbartholootherof
alittleboyethefirststuartking
ofenglandshecatholicandawillingfriend
tothoseiesofelizabethherok
ofpolitiethodsployed
topunishhercalvinisticsubjects,causedarevolutioninstland
andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritoryfor
eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand
adayagainsttheanerandwho
lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors
``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade
theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused
abinednaviesofenglandand
hollanddefeatedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready
seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe
pohetanticatholicleadersuedintoa
profitablebusinessadventure
fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish
ashedutchthoughtittheirgoodrighttoinvade
theindiesandaricaandavengetheillsheirprotes
tentbrethrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniardsthe
englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus
britishships,ndedbytheveianpilotgiovannicaboto
orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe
northearicanntinentin1496labradorandnewfoundland
portanceasapossiblelonybut
thebanksofneothe
englishfishingfleetayearlater,in1497,thesacabot
hadexploredtheastofflorida
thenhadethebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry
viiioneyforforeignexplorations
butunderelizabeth,ary
stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout
fe
... </P></TD>